CVE-2025-8591
Reflected Cross-Site Scripting via URL Parameter in Multiple WSO2 Products Enables UI Modification
Description
The software accepts user-supplied input via a URL parameter without adequate output encoding before reflecting it back to the user's browser. This condition allows an attacker to inject malicious script content into pages served by the application. By leveraging this weakness, an attacker can cause the user's browser to redirect to a malicious website, modify the UI of the webpage, or retrieve information from the browser. However, the impact is mitigated by the use of httpOnly flags on session-related cookies, preventing session hijacking.
INFO
Published Date :
July 6, 2026, 11:16 a.m.
Last Modified :
July 6, 2026, 12:16 p.m.
Remotely Exploit :
Yes !
Source :
ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8
Affected Products
The following products are affected by CVE-2025-8591
vulnerability.
Even if cvefeed.io is aware of the exact versions of the
products
that
are
affected, the information is not represented in the table below.
CVSS Scores
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS | 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 | |||||
| CVSS 3.1 | MEDIUM | ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8 |
Solution
- Sanitize all user-supplied input.
- Encode output before reflecting it in the browser.
- Implement content security policy.
- Update software to the latest version.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2025-8591.
| URL | Resource |
|---|---|
| https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4343/ |
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-8591 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-8591
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2025-8591 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2025-8591 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
CVE Modified by 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
Jul. 06, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added SSVC {'id': 'CVE-2025-8591', 'role': 'CISA Coordinator', 'options': [{'exploitation': 'none'}, {'automatable': 'no'}, {'technicalImpact': 'partial'}], 'version': '2.0.3', 'timestamp': '2026-07-06T11:04:42.314721Z'} -
New CVE Received by ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8
Jul. 06, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Affected [{'vendor': 'WSO2', 'product': 'WSO2 Identity Server', 'versions': [{'status': 'unknown', 'version': '0', 'lessThan': '5.10.0', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '5.10.0', 'lessThan': '5.10.0.381', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '5.10.0', 'lessThan': '5.10.0.384', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '6.0.0', 'lessThan': '6.0.0.255', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '7.0.0', 'lessThan': '7.0.0.131', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '7.1.0', 'lessThan': '7.1.0.21', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '7.1.0', 'lessThan': '7.1.0.51', 'versionType': 'custom'}], 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'vendor': 'WSO2', 'product': 'WSO2 API Manager', 'versions': [{'status': 'unknown', 'version': '0', 'lessThan': '3.1.0', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '3.1.0', 'lessThan': '3.1.0.355', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '3.2.0', 'lessThan': '3.2.0.459', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '3.2.1', 'lessThan': '3.2.1.78', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '4.0.0', 'lessThan': '4.0.0.380', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '4.1.0', 'lessThan': '4.1.0.243', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '4.2.0', 'lessThan': '4.2.0.183', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '4.3.0', 'lessThan': '4.3.0.94', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '4.4.0', 'lessThan': '4.4.0.58', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '4.5.0', 'lessThan': '4.5.0.43', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '4.6.0', 'lessThan': '4.6.0.7', 'versionType': 'custom'}], 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'vendor': 'WSO2', 'product': 'WSO2 API Control Plane', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '4.5.0', 'lessThan': '4.5.0.44', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '4.6.0', 'lessThan': '4.6.0.8', 'versionType': 'custom'}], 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'vendor': 'WSO2', 'product': 'WSO2 Traffic Manager', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '4.5.0', 'lessThan': '4.5.0.42', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '4.6.0', 'lessThan': '4.6.0.7', 'versionType': 'custom'}], 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'vendor': 'WSO2', 'product': 'WSO2 Universal Gateway', 'versions': [{'status': 'affected', 'version': '4.5.0', 'lessThan': '4.5.0.42', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '4.6.0', 'lessThan': '4.6.0.7', 'versionType': 'custom'}], 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'vendor': 'WSO2', 'product': 'WSO2 Open Banking AM', 'versions': [{'status': 'unknown', 'version': '0', 'lessThan': '2.0.0', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '2.0.0', 'lessThan': '2.0.0.404', 'versionType': 'custom'}], 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'vendor': 'WSO2', 'product': 'WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager', 'versions': [{'status': 'unknown', 'version': '0', 'lessThan': '5.10.0', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '5.10.0', 'lessThan': '5.10.0.375', 'versionType': 'custom'}], 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}, {'vendor': 'WSO2', 'product': 'WSO2 Open Banking IAM', 'versions': [{'status': 'unknown', 'version': '0', 'lessThan': '2.0.0', 'versionType': 'custom'}, {'status': 'affected', 'version': '2.0.0', 'lessThan': '2.0.0.424', 'versionType': 'custom'}], 'defaultStatus': 'unaffected'}] Added Description The software accepts user-supplied input via a URL parameter without adequate output encoding before reflecting it back to the user's browser. This condition allows an attacker to inject malicious script content into pages served by the application. By leveraging this weakness, an attacker can cause the user's browser to redirect to a malicious website, modify the UI of the webpage, or retrieve information from the browser. However, the impact is mitigated by the use of httpOnly flags on session-related cookies, preventing session hijacking. Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N Added CWE CWE-79 Added Reference https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4343/